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All sorts of industries can contaminate the soil: Industrial and commercial, like mining. Some of the sources of soil pollutions are discussed below: There are two kinds of wastes that are generated from industrial activities: unused chemicals and unwanted industrial garbage. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides Plants absorb what they need and the excess goes into the soil. Waste like feces, eggshells, dung, etc go deep into the soil and pollute the groundwater. In general, all the urban solid wastes are referred to as ‘refuse’. Additionally, iron and other chemicals such as copper, mercury, and lead from mining practices leach into the soil, polluting it and leaving it exposed to water bodies as well. However, mostly it is due to human activities. i. The disposal of industrial solid … When acids are present in the soil, they are carried away with flowing water, causing harm to water bodies. Wastes like glass, plastic, human excreta, fuel residues, metals and vehicular products are common urban wastes. The chemicals released are harmful to living organisms dependent on the soil. Mining wastes often cover the top soil, thus spoiling a precious natural resource. Ecosystems. And this soil pollution has become one of the major crises for the ecosystem and humankind because it causes an imbalance in nature. The presence of heavy metals in food is a threat to human health. Organic compounds containing lead, mercury and arsenic, when applied to a land, accumulate on the soil permanently and introduce these toxic metals into plant products. About three-quarters of this is manure. Some of the most important sources of land or soil pollution are: 1. Exposure to heavy metals as a result of consumption of contaminated vegetables, as well as their toxicity, is a serious problem. Different branches of industry and the road traffic have a significant impact on environmental pollution with heavy metals. Excess chemicals from agricultural practices harm the survival of a number of friendly m icroorgan isms. Extraction and processing of mineral ores causes harm to the top soil layer. Every soil type contains different elements and components, and some natural contaminants as well. Disclaimer Copyright. iii. Soil pollution has deteriorated large areas of ii. : (i) Pathogenic organisms excreted by man, (ii) pathogenic organism excreted by animals, and (iii) pathogenic organisms found in contaminated soil. The National Environmental Engineering Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, has given details of the municipal wasters in Indian town as follows: It becomes clear from the above table that in our cities 90 per cent wastes include ash, dust, mixed material and carbon, while in developed countries paper, plastic, glass, metal, etc., dominates. There are mainly 2 causes of pollution. They can cause health problems for human beings. Soil pollution has a direct impact on food security and there is a direct link between the quality and safety of the food we eat and the level of soil contaminants. The accident could have occurred at a chemical plant, a warehouse, or a factory. Soil pollution is when it contains an abnormal concentration of man-made chemical compounds that are potentially dangerous to the health of living beings and to the functioning of ecosystems. One of the main causes of land and soil pollution is the growing quantity of domestic... 2. fertilizers and some agricultural practices. Wastewater is usually treated before disposal in … Sources of Soil Pollution. Composition of soil is listed below: COMPONENT % Organic mineral matter 45 Organic matter 05 Soil water 25 Soil air 25 Industrial sources: These include paints, chemicals, metals and aluminum, plastics, and so on that are produces in the process of manufacturing goods. Effects of land pollution. Urban wastes dirty residential areas, resulting in the growth of insects and pathogens. The radioactive wastes produced by nuclear testing laboratories and industries reach the soil and accumulate there. The amount of sold wastes generated is directly related with prosperity. Soil contamination or soil pollution can occur either because of human activities or because of natural processes. There are many sources of soil pollution. They contain toxic metals such as lead, copper and chemicals having acids and are responsible for soil pollution. Sources of Soil Pollution: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch010: Soil, though often overlooked, is a critical component of the earth and is essential for human existence. This leads to lower crop yields in the future and thus may lead to food shortages. Effects of land pollution. Share Your Essays.com is the home of thousands of essays published by experts like you! Sewage treatment plants also help pollute the soil because they remove the remaining sludge from domestic and commercial waste. One of the main causes of land and soil pollution is the growing quantity of domestic and municipal wastes. It is a serious environmental concern since it harbours many health hazards. 6 Major Water Pollutants the Aquatic Environment Has To Deal With, Essay on Leadership: Introduction, Functions, Types, Features and Importance. The disposal of industrial solid wastes is the major source of soil pollution by toxic chemicals. Industries also dump their solid and liquid effluents into t… It is one of the biggest contributors to soil pollution. There are many reasons as to why and how soil gets polluted. Urban wastes that result in residential areas cause contamination of the soil at places where the wastes are not properly disposed. Pesticides that contaminate the soil seep lower down the soil layer and contaminate groundwater that is used for domestic purposes. Radioactive Materials and Biological Agents. Sources of land pollution. Solid waste often comes from houses, cattle sheds, industries, agriculture and other places. Publish your original essays now. Urban wastes do not dispose easily, and therefore cause a lot of harm to the soil and its properties. Contamination of the soil is a direct cause of contamination of the crops. When these wastes are left on the soil’s surface, they change the chemical composition of the soil. So, we should try to give them that fresh environment by stop polluting the soil. The industrial wastes are mainly discharged from coal and mineral mining industries, metal processing industries and engineering industries. On What Grounds a Second Appeal Lies and to What Court in India? Large-scale industrialization and urbanization, the growing population in the cities and the emerging fluid and concrete residues are polluting the soil. Through the over-exploitation of the soil, it often loses its fertility. Sewage Sludge Soil Pollution Nerve Agent Organophosphorus Compound Sulphur Mustard These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Radioactive elements that are released into the air also enter the soil as radionuclide’s with rainwater. Welcome to Shareyouressays.com! The sources of soil pollution can come from various point and non-point sources. Wastes from nuclear reactors contain ruthenium-106 and rhodium-106, iodine-131, barium-140, lanthanum-140, cerium-144, etc. Soil is the basic unit of environment. Causes of soil pollution They can be in the form of gas, liquid or solid substances. Soil pollution both directly and indirectly concerns and affects […] iii. Unused chemicals like fly ash, sludge, plastics and sawdust are some of the chemicals that are discharged from industries. Mining fires destroy lands around the area and mining wastes cause heaps of wastes to be produced if the activity is not checked. In the developing countries, intestinal parasites constitute the most serious soil pollution problems. Such sources of soil pollution make the soil harmful as well as barren. As a result harmful chemicals enter the food chain. Non­biodegradable wastes like plastic, metal cans and glass cause great harm to the soil. Soil pollution is a result of penetration of harmful pesticides and insecticides, which on one hand serve whatever their main purpose is, but on the other hand bring about deterioration in the soil quality, thus making it contaminated and unfit for use later. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide are some of the gases produced from industrial activities that cause considerable pollutionto soil indirectly. Useful Notes on the Process of Chromosome Replication. Soil pollution can happen as a result of an accident. Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotics (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. Much of this manure is piled in dumps where it pollutes streams and waterways. In contrast to the 3.6 kg per person per day in the United States, residents of Australia produce only 0.8 kg per person per day. Acid deposition changes the chemical qualities of soil. The general composition of municipal wastes is as follows: It has been estimated that in 45 major cities of India, the quantity of average per day municipal wastes is about 50,000 tonnes. Additionally, soil pollution affects food availability by reducing crop yields due to toxic levels of contaminants that hamper crop growth and reduce soil biodiversity, thus increasing the problem of food security. These contaminate the soil by changing its physical and chemical properties. Soil contamination. All the radionuclides deposited on the soil emit gamma radiations, and are harmful to soil as well as for plant growth. It harms the existence of microorganisms thriving on the soil. Refining of plutonium and thorium as well as fuels for industrial and domestic uses are some other causes of radioactive pollution. Soil Pollution Soil pollution is pollution of the earth's natural land surface by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Digested sewage sludge, which is used as manure, also causes soil pollution. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste. For example, exposure to soil containing high concentrations of benzene increases the risk of contracting leukaemia. The quantity rose to 2.3 kg in 1970 and 3.6 kg in 1980 and now it is more than 4.5 kg. Urban wastes comprise both commercial and domestic wastes including dried sludge of sewage. Soil pollution is mostly caused by mindless human activities such as: Industrial waste Industries are by far the worst polluters of the soil with all the chemicals they release into the environment be it in liquid or solid form. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Essay. This harms the flora and fauna that thrive on rainwater. Agricultural Wastes 4. Water sources are also affected by soil pollution as the atmosphere of water and air also comes in contact with it, so control on the soil pollution is the key. Such contaminants include metals, inorganic ions and salts (e.g. World’s Largest Collection of Essays! Before publishing your Essay on this site, please read the following pages: 1. In the past, laws to protect the environment weren’t as stringent as they are now. Other agricultural wastes include branches and slash left over from logging apart from animal wastes. Due to solid waste, soil pollution is spreading further. Human and animal excreta, poor sanitary conditions, wastes from hospitals and food joints cause soil pollution because they perpetrate growth of biological agents in the soil. Soil pollution is a current problem with a great environmental impact on human, animal and plant health. We should reduce the number of fertilizers for our crops as excess fertilizers make the soil acidic. Heavy metals that enter the soil enter the food cycle. Unwanted garbage from industrial activities like glass, metals and wood are the other kinds of wastes which industries generate. The dumping of domestic and municipal wastes is a serious problem in cities because of its impact on environment and public health. Biological agents like bacteria, fungi, virus and protozoans are a major cause of soil pollution. Agricultural practices also pollute the soil. There are three groups of pathogenic organisms that pollute the soil, viz. According to an estimate, agricultural activities produce more than 1.8 billion tonnes of waste, each year. Sources and solutions for soil pollution are discussed here. Biology Question Bank – 47 MCQs on “Reproduction & Embryonic Development” – Answered! Published by Experts. When plant macronutrients like potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen are used excessively, the soil becomes deficient in micronutrients like boron and zinc. Of the obvious and commonest ones are domestic wastes, untreated or insufficient treatment of industrial discharges, husbandry wastes and agricultural uses of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. The average person in India produces only about 0.2 kg per day. The chemicals discharged from the industries often enter the surface or groundwater or poison the soil or crops. Mining has become a threat to the environment because it leads to the huge quantity of waste generally not useful to man and its reprocessing is not economical. Industrial and Mining Wastes 3. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Domestic and Municipal Wastes 2. iii. These pollutants end up in the soil due to accidents like oil spills or by illegal industrial waste dumping. Municipal and industrial sewage also is an important source of those substances. Soil pollution - Types, effects, sources and control of soil pollution Soil pollution Soil pollution is defined as, “contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms”. It has been reported that about 50 per cent of raw materials ultimately become waste products in industry and about 15 per cent of it are toxic. They combine with the rainwater causing the production of acidic rain which changes the soil pH and thereafter affects the overall crop production. 7. iii. Industrial wastes or byproducts are among the leading causes of soil pollution. The introduction of substances, biological organisms, or energy into the soil, resulting in a change of the soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and the living environment. They spoil qualities of fruits and vegetables grown in the polluted soil. Soil pollution is defined as the contamination of soil of a particular region. Land pollution prevention tips. phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates), and many organic compounds (such as lipids, proteins, DNA, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, PAHs, alcohols, etc.). The production of consumer goods also involved environmental problems, including land and soil pollution. Similarly, on one hand, installation of cement factories in the mountainous region weakens the soil strata leading to landslides, and on the other hand, the cement dust that falls on natural vegetation and crops blocks their stomata to cause their eventual death. Solid wastes may or may not cause diseases in man but are hazardous to health. Sometimes, excessive chemical fertilizers are applied to the crops. On-site industrial pollution and inadequate waste management, mining activities, direct intentional applications of materials to soil, and atmospheric deposition are the main sources of soil pollution. Diseases such as dysentery, diarrhoea, plague, malaria and numerous others are the result of the indiscriminate dumping of wastes. Some of the agricultural practices lead to soil pollution. The rainwater that passes through the polluted soil picks up radioactive elements. iv. The physical qualities of soil are also altered. Household garbage includes food scraps, old newspapers, and a variety of plastic items, bottles, discarded papers, wood, lawn trimmings, glass, canes, old appliances, tyres, worn-out furniture, broken toys and a host of other items. Acids that enter the soil along with heavy metals or acid rain harm soil properties. The excreta of humans, animals and birds are also a source of soil pollution by biological agents. The soil pollution occurs when amounts of some soil elements and other substances may exceed levels recommended for the health of humans, animals, or plants. Animal excreta, debris and crop residues are some other contaminants that result from agricultural practices. i. Agriculture is a big source of soil pollution. ii. Soil pollution is a disruptive element for many biological resources and ecosystems. These compounds are mainly formed through soil microbial activity and decomposition of organisms (e.g., … Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil with anomalous concentrations of toxic substances. Soil Pollution: 5 Most Important Sources of Soil Pollution 1. Industrial wastes – Disposal of Industrial wastes is the major problem for soil pollution Sources : Industrial pollutants are mainly discharged from various origins such as pulp and paper mills, chemical fertilizers, oil refineries, sugar factories, tanneries, textiles, steel, distilleries, fertilizers, pesticides, coal and mineral mining industries, drugs, glass, cement, petroleum and engineering … Content Guidelines 2. These pollutants affect and alter the chemical and biological properties of the soil. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These metals are particularly absorbed by infants and children. 3 Different Levels of Organisational Advisory Bodies–Explained! Biological agents: Biological agents like bacteria, fungi, virus and protozoans are a major cause of … In order to properly control and … They are animal wastes, use of long lived pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematocides, etc. Important facts. Get a better understanding of the soil environment quality baseline. ii. ii. When these contaminants exceed the natural level, it starts polluting. What is soil pollution? Radioactive pollutants arise from nuclear activities like explosion devices, nuclear tests and laboratories, as well as nuclear power plants. Acidic gases like SO2 and NOx when combine with atmospheric moisture form acids and fall on the earth. They harm the development and existence of flora and fauna. The total quantity of solid wastes is large and increasing. By; MATTHEW UKACHUNWA, LagosUnited Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) has advised governments across the world to help reverse soil damage and encourage better soil management practices to limi… Soil pollution comes from different sources including agriculture and animal husbandry. It is disturbing to think that the benefits of a healthy ecosystem are threatened by land and soil pollution. Soil Pollution Essay: Soil is an essential component of our nature. ii. Soil pollution occurs due to untreated disposal of industrial wastes into soil; it has high toxic contaminants, which leads to soil pollution. TOS4. Radioactive elements are absorbed by soil particles, causing harm to soil qualities. They cause soil pollution by changing the pH of the soil. All soils, whether polluted or unpolluted, contain a variety of compounds (contaminants) which are naturally present. Not only does accumulation of these wastes result in poor human health, they also cause pollution of the soil. i. Industrial and Mining Wastes: Land pollution refers to all forms of pollution affecting any type of soil: agricultural, forestry, urban, etc. Mining and smelting activities are lethal causes of soil pollution. iii. Some of them are metals, inorganic ions, salts, compounds formed by soil microbial activity, and decomposition of organisms. In addition to fertilisers and pesticides, soil condi­tioners and fumigants are used in agriculture. i. Soils that have been spoiled due to excessive use of chemicals and pesticides become barren. In rural area diaries, poultries and piggery farms are the main source of soil pollution. Domestic and Municipal Wastes: This polluted soil becomes acidic in nature and becomes unproductive for crops, which require alkaline or neutral soils. The following table lists some of the effects of the production of consumer goods: The expansion of mining activities in many countries has now become a major cause of land pollution due to loss of soil and destruction of land. iv. Atmospheric pollution via car exhaust is an example of a nonpoint source of soil pollution Industries. Mining operations produce about 1.35 billion tonnes of debris each year. iii. Faulty sanitation, waste water and wrong methods of agriculture also induce soil pollution. Main Sources of Soil Pollution 1. Industrial pollutants are mainly discharged from various origins such as pulp and paper mills, chemical fertilizers, oil refineries, sugar factories, tanneries, textiles, steel, distilleries, coal and mining industries, drugs, and petroleum and engineering industries. It can also cause viral and bacterial diseases which can be easily transmitted from animals to humans. Privacy Policy3. In the United States, municipal solid wastes averaged 1.2 kg per person per day in 1920. Yet, at the same time, farmers across the continent are suffering from worn-out and depleted soils. Biological agents such as bacteria, fungus, viruses, and protozoa are a major source of soil pollution and these are mostly spread through the discharge of human and animal waste which is a major source of soil pollution. i. Acids harm growth of plants that are sown in these soils. And some mix in soil through atmosphere and wind activity. A soil is polluted when it contains an abnormal concentration of chemical compounds potentially dangerous to human health, plants or animals. Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us, 12 Most Important Sources of Marine Pollution, Radioactive Pollution: Paragraph on Radioactive Pollution, Management of Soil Pollution: Methods of Disposal of Wastes, Major Effects of Radioactive Pollution| Environmental Hazards, Soil Pollution: 5 Most Important Sources of Soil Pollution, Essay on Radioactive Pollution | Environmental Pollution. Sewage sludge. With rainwater like feces, eggshells, dung, etc does accumulation of these wastes in! Absorb What they need and the excess goes into the air also enter the surface or or! Enter the food cycle fires destroy lands around the area and mining wastes cover... The continent are suffering from worn-out and depleted soils pollution make the.! Dependent on the earth concern since it harbours many health hazards long lived pesticides herbicides. Lands around the area and mining wastes cause heaps of wastes sanitation waste... 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