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Advances in technology now allow digital content from anywhere in the world to be accessed instantly through computers, smartphones or smart TVs. The Broadcasting Services Act 1992 sets limits on the control of commercial TV, radio and newspapers. The Australian government on Tuesday unveiled plans to significantly change media ownership laws, which could trigger a rush of mergers and acquisitions as ailing news organisations battle to stay afloat in the digital age. Proposals by foreign companies to invest in the Australian media must be approved by the Federal Treasurer. [15], The next day the police raided the ABC over a story about alleged war crimes in Afghanistan. Media ownership has been an agenda topic for the Howard government since it was first elected in 5 Denemark, above n 2, 231. There are 2 national and 10 state/territory daily newspapers, 37 regional dailies and 470 other regional and suburban newspapers. [16] The search warrant allowed the police to "add, copy, delete or alter" any files they found on the computers. However, the media is regarded as a ‘sensistive sector’ under the Foreign Investment Policy. This debate has been fuelled by the advent of new media technologies, a number of inquiries proposing regulatory changes, and the self-interest of those media organisations that report the controversy. For a listing of media companies in Australia, see. The results show that, in 2011, Australia’s content media industry was among the most concentrated in the world, and had been getting steadily more concentrated over time. When asked for a source to support her assertion, a spokesman for Michelle Rowland sent The Conversation a detailed response drawing from a wide range of sources, including the 2012 Finkelstein inquiryinto media and media regulation. CBS beat a joint bid from Australian media moguls Lachlan Murdoch and Bruce Gordon, which prompted the Government to reform existing media ownership laws by way of the Broadcasting Legislation Amendment (Broadcasting Reform) Act 2017 (Cth) (Broadcast Reform Amendments), which repealed key cross-media ownership limitations (discussed in question 5.3 below). The changes will also introduce obligations on commercial television broadcasters in smaller markets including Darwin, Mildura, Griffith and Broken Hill, as well as markets in South Australia and Western Australia, which are not currently subject to local content obligations. In addition, an individual will still not be able to control more than one commercial television licence in a licence area or more than two commercial radio licences in the same licence area. National news radio broadcasters include the Australian Broadcasting Corporation which operates 4 national radio news networks (including ABC News Radio and ABC Radio National), 53 local news stations through ABC Local Radio and several digital radio stations; and the Special Broadcasting Service which also delivers multilingual Australian-produced news content. [1] Talkback radio was first broadcast with 2UE in Sydney, just after midnight on 17 April 1967. The protest demanded journalists gain access to sensitive government material. Netflix removed the free trial in March 2020. The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is the broadcasting regulator for radio and television in Australia, and also the co-regulatory Online Content Scheme. more than two of the three regulated forms of media (commercial radio, commercial TV and associated newspapers) in the one commercial radio licence area (the '2 out of 3 rule'). 16.&RHardingeSmith,&Media&Ownership&and&Regulation&in&Australia,CENTREFORPOLICYDEVELOPMENT,2011.& & 3. The changes relaxed restrictions against cross-media ownership & control by a single company. The reforms will keep the requirement for at least five independent media 'voices' in metropolitan commercial radio licence areas (mainland state capital cities), and at least four in regional commercial radio licence areas. Some rural or regional areas may receive a more limited selection, often with some of the channels available showing programming from more than one of the major networks. Regulation of the media is principally assured by the Australian Government through its power to make laws governing telecommunications. [18], In Australia itself, newspaper outlets normally driven by partisanship and advertising exhibited a surprisingly united show of protest on 21 October as they published front pages with the appearance of documents having been blacked out by government censors. Rural Press received a takeover offer from John Fairfax Holdings in late 2006, and completed the merger on 8 May 2007.[12]. These changes came into effect in 2007 and are still in Force. [6], Australia's first regular radio broadcasts began on 13 November 1923 with station 2SB (later to become 2BL) in Sydney. As of 2018 these rankings have changed with Australia moving up to 19th, New Zealand moving up to 8th and the United Kingdom falling to 40th. The Australian states and territories also have important roles in this area, notably in the area of defamation law, although their laws may not conflict with a valid federal law. Broadcasting Legislation Amendment (Foreign Media Ownership, Community Radio and Other Measures) Act 2018 Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005 Superseded [5] Netflix remains the market leader, although Foxtel and Stan have gained continual growth since entering the market. This was long-awaited, the company being established in the US state of California in 1997. Consumers who have complaints about programs on television and radio or certain types of content on the Internet can apply to the ACMA. For example, in Australia: The cross-media ownership laws brought in by the federal Labor Government in 1987 was the start of modern media change. The act specifies that the ABC must maintain an “independent national broadcasting service”. [19] Most of the larger media outlets formed a coalition, Right To Know, to represent the protest and demand six changes in legislation. Australia has a modern and diverse media industry spanning traditional and digital formats, and catering mostly to its predominantly English-speaking population. The HHI is calculated using the sum of the squares of the individual [8] Melbourne-based 3EON (now known as 3MMM)[9] was the first to air. Ownership of national and the newspapers of each capital city are dominated by two corporations, Rupert Murdoch's News Corp, (which was founded in Adelaide but is now based from the United States) and Nine Entertainment– Murdoch-owned titles acco… The national daily newspaper of record is The Australian. Digital free-to-air broadcasts commenced on 1 January 2001. Conservative U.S. Supreme Court justices signaled sympathy on Tuesday toward a bid by President Donald Trump's administration, backed by broadcast … Rural and regional media is dominated by Australian Community Media (formerly Rural Press), with significant holdings in all states and territories. The Bill was re-introduced in the 45th Parliament on 1 September 2016. The US has an estimated 60 million Netflix subscribers as of 2020. The Australian media policy omelette cannot simply be unscrambled. Most of Australia's heavily populated cities are serviced by all three networks. While Australians were once able to enjoy 30 days of free Netflix that's no longer the case. But print media and their online successors are fundamental to news and information diversity and pluralism in democratic societies. The government's proposed changes to media ownership laws are neither future-looking nor future-proofing, writes Associate Professor Tim Dwyer from the Department of Media and Communications. Even with laws in place Australia has a high concentration of media ownership compared to other western countries. In addition to the public broadcasters which are available to almost all of Australia's population, there are three major commercial television networks: the Nine Network, the Seven Network and Network Ten. 4 Min Read. the media landscape was dominated by print newspapers and commercial radio and TV services Controls over media ownership in Australia are laid down in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, administered by the ACMA. Ownership of national and the newspapers of each capital city are dominated by two corporations, Rupert Murdoch's News Corp, (which was founded in Adelaide but is now based from the United States) and Nine Entertainment – Murdoch-owned titles account for nearly two-thirds (64.2 per cent) of metropolitan circulation[11] and Nine-owned papers account for a further quarter (26.4 per cent).[11]. Government media organisations are those owned by the government. [14] Radio host, Ben Fordham also claimed that he was under investigation for some of his reporting. According to Reporters Without Borders in 2006, Australia was in 35th position on a list of countries ranked by Press Freedom; well behind New Zealand (19th) and United Kingdom (27th) (but well ahead of the US, ranked 53rd). The Commercial Television Code of Practice is a set of regulatory guidelines, registered with the ACMA, with which commercial television broadcasters should comply. A steady trend to fewer owners over the last century is the well-documented pattern. In this digital environment, Australia's ownership laws prevent traditional media outlets such as TV, radio and newspapers from structuring their businesses efficiently or achieving the scale necessary to adapt and compete more effectively with newer unregulated services. Gun laws in Australia are predominantly within the jurisdiction of Australian states and territories, with the importation of guns regulated by the federal government.In the last two decades of the 20th century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the federal government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments. After heated debate in the early 2000s over a Bill that would have removed the foreign ownership restrictions of broadcasting TV licences, the Australian government chose to retain the foreign-ownership restrictions in its 1992 Broadcasting Act. Approximately 25% of Australian households had access to pay television services by the end of 2005. Currently, the Government uses a points system to ensure that larger regional communities have access to local content, such as news broadcasts. In these markets, broadcasters will be required to provide at least 360 points (minutes) of local content. Controls over media ownership in Australia are laid down in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, administered by the ACMA. Licensees would not be required to meet the new local content obligations until six months following a trigger event, giving them time to prepare for the changes. There are several smaller competitors offer a subset of channels – with Fetch TV entering the market in 2010 with a subscription service over a few ADSL2+ networks, and TransACT offering TV via its own VDSL, VDSL2 and FTTP/FTTH networks in Canberra and its Neighbourhood Cable network in parts of Victoria. Australian media ownership – and print media in particular – is among the most concentrated in the world. The bill will scrap rules preventing one company from owning print, radio and television assets in one market, and TV broadcasters from reaching more than 75pc of the population Government passed the bill with help from NXT and One Nation Media companies have welcomed the changes, which they say reflect the industry's changing landscape Foreign ownership limits were scrapped, government changed the cross-media ownership rules to allow ownership of two out of three media types.[4]. The new points structure will strengthen the link between local content and local communities. IN the biggest media shake-up in twenty years, the federal government's overhaul of the media laws was passed in the Senate last October. These requirements will come into effect following a 'trigger event', or change in control of a regional commercial television licence, that results in it being in a group whose combined licence area populations exceeds 75 per cent of the Australian population. Introduction Although Australia's media ownership laws have remained unchanged for over a decade, debate on the desirability of reform has continued unabated. The main provider is Foxtel in both metropolitan, regional and rural areas offering nearly all Australian channels via cable & satellite TV in capital cities, and mostly the same channels are offered by Foxtel via satellite TV (predominantly) in regional areas with the recent merger with Austar in 2012. An example of such a "shared" regional network is Imparja. Other notable newspapers and news websites are: news.com.au, ABC News Online, The Age, Seven News Online, SBS News Online, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Daily Telegraph, the Herald Sun, Nine News, the Guardian Australia, The Saturday Paper and The Spectator. Regional Queensland, Northern New South Wales, Southern New South Wales, Regional Victoria and Tasmania are all subject to local content obligations where broadcasters must produce at least 720 points of local content per six week period (each minute is worth one point, or two points if it is local news). This ranking was primarily due to the restrictions imposed by the recent anti-terrorism laws. To bring our media ownership laws into the digital era, the Government has announced the most significant reforms to Australian media regulation in a generation. The problem, and the concentration of media ownership, was one of many mentioned on the television show Media Watch, broadcast on the government funded ABC. In many countries, government ownership equates to government control of the media.In Australia, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and Special Broadcasting Corporation (SBS) are both owned by the federal government. Nearly all major newspapers are owned either by News Corp Australia (formerly News Limited) or Nine Entertainment Co (formerly Fairfax Media). Colour television was introduced in 1975.[3]. [7] ABC began experimenting with FM stations in the 1960s, but it wasn't until July 1980 that the first FM station commenced full operations. The ABC is also prohibited from broadca… There are rules governing foreign ownership of Australian media and these rules were loosened by Helen Coonan under the Howard Government via Act No. Although not necessarily a model of success, "unacceptable control" rules are all that prevent Australia's media scene from turning into News Corp's personal mouthpiece. News Corp, Nine and Seven West Media co-own Australian Associated Press (AAP) which distributes the news and then sells it on to other outlets such as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Media ownership laws in Australia have always tried to encourage diversity among big commercial players. Even with laws in place Australia has a high concentration of media ownership compared to other western countries. The ABC’s editorial independence is enshrined in legislation. In addition the reforms will provide a new 'local filming' incentive which will provide three points for every minute of local news that is also filmed in the local area. At the end of 2019 14.5 million Australians had access to some form of Pay TV or Subscription TV, with the combined audience of these platforms equalling almost 70% of the population. The second abolished the rule that no one could own more than two TV stations and replaced it with one limiting the reach of broadcast licenses … Although much of the everyday mainstream news is drawn from the AAP, all the privately owned media outlets still compete with each other for exclusive pop culture news. The Government is maintaining other diversity rules including the '5/4' rule, the ‘one-to-a-market' rule or the 'two-to-a-market' rule. In 2007, with Helen Coonan as communications minister, there were two significant changes. Netflix was released in Australia and New Zealand 24 March 2015. Immediately scrap all Turnbull Government plans to weaken or abolish media ownership and concentration laws for Rupert Murdoch. The conundrum of Netflix In Australia is that it's a highly popular service that contributes little to the domestic economy. The Australian Press Council is the self-regulatory body of the print media. These new options have changed the way we consume media in Australia and have intensified competition between media outlets. Traditional foreign media ownership laws have been abandoned. That inquiry’s report noted that: You can read the full response here. Digital technologies now provide easy access to domestic or international news content through networked devices. The demands are, for the ability to contest any search warrant of a journalist or news entity while the search warrant is under request, reform of whistleblower protection, new limitations on which documents may be classified as secret, changes in freedom of information, exemption from national security laws enacted over the previous seven years, and reforms of defamation laws.[20]. Government’s media law changes would reduce the diversity of media in Australia, while 82.6 per cent believed the changes would negatively affect 4 Communications Law Centre, Communications Update: Media Ownership Issue, 168 (2005). 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