caspian sea region

10 Dec caspian sea region

Saudi Arabia, Russia Reach Compromise on Further Output Cuts. [13] The coastlines of the Caspian are shared by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. [18], Over 130 rivers provide inflow to the Caspian, with the Volga River being the largest. [citation needed], The Caspian turtle (Mauremys caspica), although found in neighboring areas, is a wholly freshwater species. In June 2007, in order to boost his oil-rich country's access to markets, Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed a 700-kilometre (435-mile) link between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. He drew a set of four maps and wrote Pilot of the Caspian Sea, the first lengthy report and modern maps. The Caspian Sea Region and Energy Resources By Gelb, Bernard A., Twyman, Terry Rayno To get The Caspian Sea Region and Energy Resources eBook, make sure you click the link listed below and save the ebook or have accessibility to other information which are highly relevant to THE CASPIAN SEA REGION AND ENERGY RESOURCES book. The island is 37 km (23 mi) long, with gazelles roaming freely on it. The Caspian Sea is the world's largest salt lake. New Way. Its gross coverage TEHRAN – Managing Director of Khazar Shipping Company said Astara Port, located by the Caspian Sea, has become a new hub for container shipping in the region … The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The Caspian Sea’ws unique fish resources and oil and gas fields are projected to provide a significant source of food and economic prosperity to the Caspian region, as well as energy to many parts of the world. The Vladimir Filanovsky oil field in the Russian section of the body of water was discovered in 2005. The biomes to both the north and east are characterized by cold, continental deserts. The Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) is the only aquatic mammal and is endemic to the Caspian Sea, being one of very few seal species that live in inland waters, but it is different from the those inhabiting freshwaters due to the hydrological environment of the sea. [29] This is supported by the existences of current endemic, oceanic species such as lagoon cockles which was genetically identified to originate in Caspian/Black Seas regions. Discoveries in the Hotu cave and the adjacent Kamarband cave, near the town of Behshahr, Mazandaran south of the Caspian in Iran, suggest human habitation of the area as early as 11,000 years ago. [22] Among the more than 50 genera in the lake proper, 3–4 are endemic: Anatirostrum, Caspiomyzon, Chasar (often included in Ponticola) and Hyrcanogobius. The length of the coastline of these countries:[60], Five states are located along about 6380 km of Caspian coastline. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, peaceful nuclear construction experiments, Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, "Welcome to the Caspian Sea Level Project Site", "Caviar pool drains dry as Caspian Sea slides towards catastrophe", "Культурно-исторический контекст археологического комплекса Гобустан", "Azerbaijan: Land of Fire and Flood – Ancient Mariners and a Deluged Landscape – Rock Art Evidence of a Marine Inflow", "The Ice Age Rise and Fall of the Ponto Caspian: Ancient Mariners and the Asiatic Mediterranean", "Gobustan Petroglyphs – Methods & Chronology", Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran, "Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography, §132", "The Development of the Oil and Gas Industry in Azerbaijan, "Back to the Future: Britain, Baku Oil and the Cycle of History, "Caspian Sea Map, Caspian Sea Location Facts History, Major Bodies of Water", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO", "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", "Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects", "LUKOIL starts up V. Filanovsky in the Caspian Sea", "Volume of oil tanker transportation in Caspian Sea to increase", Russia Tries to Scuttle Proposed Trans-Caspian Pipeline, "WikiLeaks cables: BP suffered blowout on Azerbaijan gas platform", "WikiLeaks Reveals BP's 'Other' Offshore Drilling Disaster", https://gsaz.az/en/articles/view/105/Characteristics-of-Caspian-Sea, http://www.azadliq.org/contentinfographics/%C4%B1nfographics/26613064.html, https://www.isna.ir/news/97052211612/%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1-%DA%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA, https://www.livescience.com/57999-caspian-sea-facts.html, "8.3 The Status of the Caspian Sea – Dividing Natural Resources Between Five Countries", "Five states sign convention on legal status of Caspian Sea", "Caspian Sea states to host sea-related investment forum every two years", "Are the Littoral States Close to Signing an Agreement on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea? It is most saline on the Iranian shore, where the catchment basin contributes little flow. [56] Recently, both Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have expressed their support for the Trans-Caspian Pipeline. As of 2000[update], negotiations as to the demarcation of the Sea had been going on for nearly a decade among all the states bordering it. This is one where the natural resources, here oil and gas, compose more than 10 percent of the country's GDP and 40 percent of exports. Thus levels in the Caspian Sea relate to atmospheric conditions in the North Atlantic, thousands of kilometres to the northwest. The Caspian Depression, a flat, lowland region encompassing the northern area of the Caspian Sea, is one of the lowest points on Earth. This orogeneic movement was continuous, while the Caspian was regularly disconnected from the Black Sea. Bulla Island, Pirallahı Island, and Nargin, which is still used as a former Soviet base and is the largest island in the Baku bay, hold oil reserves. About 11 plant species are found in the Samur River Delta, including the unique liana forests that date back to the Tertiary period. The Caspian Sea is considered by many to be the largest lake in the world, lake or sea, it is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth with an area of 371,000 km² (without the Garabogazköl Bay), compared, the Caspian Sea is larger than Germany or somewhat smaller than the US state of Montana. December 6, 2020. [66], Negotiations among the five states ebbed and flowed, from about 1990 to 2018. It contains about 3.5 times more water, by volume, than all five of North America's Great Lakes combined. If water is, in law, a sea, many precedents and international treaties oblige free access to foreign vessels. The area has significant oil and natural gas reserves from both offshore deposits in the Caspian Sea itself and This is one where the natural resources, here oil and gas, compose more than 10 percent of the country's GDP and 40 percent of exports. Three football clubs representing the Caspian Sea region at the European competitions failed to win their last games and are now at the bottom of their respected groups after five games played. Caspian Sea - a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world Caspian Iran , Islamic Republic of Iran , Persia - a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as … The memorandum signed last week is seen as a boost for Turkmenistan’s efforts to upgrade its marine fleet. The high price of sturgeon caviar—more than 1,500 Azerbaijani manats[20] (US$880 as of April 2019[update]) per kilo—allows fishermen to afford bribes to ensure the authorities look the other way, making regulations in many locations ineffective. [5][6][7], Among Greeks and Persians in classical antiquity it was the Hyrcanian ocean. [citation needed]. As part of an online meeting that took place on November 19, officials of both countries signed a memorandum of understanding over cooperation in the maritime transportation and logistics sector. The border between the northern and middle part runs along the edge of the North Caspian shelf (the Mangyshlak threshold), between Chechen Island and Cape Tiub-Karagan at Fort Shevchenko. [citation needed], The last short-term sea-level cycle started with a sea-level fall of 3 m (10 ft) from 1929 to 1977, followed by a rise of 3 m (10 ft) from 1977 until 1995. [20], The magnitude of fossil fuel extraction and transport activity in the Caspian also poses a risk to the environment. [14] The northern portion of the Caspian Sea typically freezes in the winter, and in the coldest winters ice forms in the south as well. This concerns Russia as more traffic seeks to use, and at some points congest, its inland waterways. [57], U.S. diplomatic cables disclosed by WikiLeaks revealed that BP covered up a gas leak and blowout incident in September 2008 at an operating gas field in the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshi area of the Azerbaijan Caspian Sea. (2009). The development of the shipping industry in Azerbaijan is closely connected with the formation and progress of the oil industry. Countries on the Caspian region, particularly Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, have a universal education legacy left by the Soviet Union. The region output about 1.4–1.5 million barrels per day plus natural gas liquids in 2001, 1.9% of total world output. Encontre diversos livros escritos por Aras, Bulent, Croissant, Michael com ótimos preços. More later evidence for human occupation of the region came from a number of caves in Georgia and Azerbaijan such as Kudaro and Azykh Caves. These are: Although the Caspian Sea is endorheic, its main tributary, the Volga, is connected by important shipping canals with the Don River (and thus the Black Sea) and with the Baltic Sea, with branch canals to Northern Dvina and to the White Sea. It is the largest port of the Caspian Sea. It would be reasonable to assume that the Caspian Sea is, well, a sea. English traders Thomas Bannister and Jeffrey Duckett described the area around Baku as "a strange thing to behold, for there issueth out of the ground a marvelous quantity of oil, which serveth all the country to burn in their houses. Caspian Sea, Russian Kaspiyskoye More, Persian Darya-ye Khezer, world’s largest inland body of water. Caspian Sea Region: Regional Conflicts. The traditional Arabic name for the sea is Baḥr Qazwin (Sea of Qazvin). The Caspian is divided into three distinct physical regions: the Northern, Middle, and Southern Caspian. Much controversy currently exists over the proposed Trans-Caspian oil and gas pipelines. Development of Caspian Sea oil and natural gas, along with the necessary export pipelines, has been slowed by regional conflicts, political instability, and a lack of regional cooperation. [74] The Northern Caspian only includes the Caspian shelf,[17] and is very shallow; it accounts for less than 1% of the total water volume with an average depth of only 5–6 metres (16–20 ft). Turkic ethnic groups like Azerbaijanis, Turkmens, and Turkish people refer to it using its Khazar/Hazar name: In all these, the second word means "sea", and the first word refers to the historical Khazars who had a large empire based to the north of the Caspian Sea between the 7th and 10th centuries. Over the centuries, Caspian Sea levels have changed in synchrony with the estimated discharge of the Volga, which in turn depends on rainfall levels in its vast catchment basin. The Middle–Southern boundary is the Apsheron Threshold, a sill of tectonic origin between the Eurasian continent and an oceanic remnant,[15] that runs through Zhiloi Island and Cape Kuuli. [28] Although the rock art on Kichikdash Mountain is assumed to be of a dolphin[29] or of a beaked whale,[26] it might instead represent the famous beluga sturgeon due to its size (430 cm in length), but fossil records suggest certain ancestors of modern dolphins and whales, such as Macrokentriodon morani (bottlenose dolphins) and Balaenoptera sibbaldina (blue whales) were presumably larger than their present descendants. Adjacent to the North Caspian is the Caspian Depression, a low-lying region 27 metres (89 ft) below sea level. As of September 1, TANAP pumped 6.7 bcm of natural gas from Azerbaijan to Turkey. Frete GRÁTIS em milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime. Caspian Sea Discourse-Commissioned by the Council on Foreign Relations in 1999 to formulate a set of recommendations for U.S. policy on the Caspian region. Compre online The Geopolitics of Energy in the Caspian Sea Region: The Challenges Faced by Azerbaijan, de Mammadov, Ilgar, Hess, Andrew C. na Amazon. Occasionally, Iranian patrol boats have fired at vessels sent by Azerbaijan for exploration into the disputed region. In the late Pontian, a mountain arch rose across the south basin and divided it into the Khachmaz and Lankaran Lakes (or early Balaxani). Baku Sea Trade Port and Caspian Shipping Company CJSC, have a big role in the sea transportation of Azerbaijan. (Comparable evaporite beds underlie the Mediterranean.) The goals were both irrigation and the stabilization of the water level in the Caspian, which was thought to be falling dangerously fast at the time. Today, fewer than 10% remain. By 1900, Baku had more than 3,000 oil wells, 2,000 of which were producing at industrial levels. Precipitation is related to variations in the amount of North Atlantic depressions that reach the interior, and they in turn are affected by cycles of the North Atlantic oscillation. Its main freshwater inflow, Europe's longest river, the Volga, enters at the shallow north end as its principal inflow. [39][40], The area is rich in fossil fuel. [20], Archeological studies of Gobustan Rock Art have identified what may be dolphins[23] and porpoises,[24][25] or a certain species of beaked whales[26] and what may be a whaling scene indicates large baleen whales[27] likely being present in Caspian Sea at least until when the Caspian Sea ceased being a part of the ocean system or until the Quaternary or much more recent periods such as until the last glacial period or antiquity. [13] The Volga River (about 80% of the inflow) and the Ural River discharge into the Caspian Sea, but it has no natural outflow other than by evaporation. Encontre diversos livros escritos … The two modern canal systems that connect the Volga Basin, and hence the Caspian Sea, with the ocean are the Volga–Baltic Waterway and the Volga–Don Canal. [49], Caspian littoral states join efforts to develop infrastructure, tourism and trade in the region. Frete GRÁTIS em milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime. : Anker, M., Anker, Morten, Baev, P.: Amazon.nl A new cargo and passenger seaport in the city of Turkmenbashi is capable of handling 17 million tons of goods per year with the possibility of expanding its capacity to 26 million tons. The Shah Deniz offshore gas field beneath the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea is the one and only source of the gas supplies to the SGC mega-pipeline. In 1920, when the Bolsheviks captured Azerbaijan, all private property, including oil wells and factories, was confiscated. [22] About 62% of the species and subspecies are endemic, as are 4–6 genera (depending on taxonomic treatment). Its transport fleet has 51 vessels: 20 tankers, 13 ferries, 15 universal dry cargo vessels, 2 Ro-Ro vessels, as well as 1 technical vessel and 1 floating workshop. In the past, the Amu Darya (Oxus) of Central Asia in the east often changed course to empty into the Caspian through a now-desiccated riverbed called the Uzboy River, as did the Syr Darya farther north. [45] All the Caspian region economies are highly dependent on this type of mineral wealth. Its main goal was to redirect some of the water of the Pechora River (which flows into the Arctic Ocean) via the Kama River into the Volga. The sea noticeably drops off towards the Middle Caspian, where the average depth is 190 metres (620 ft). The word Caspian is very likely a name for the Caspi, an ancient people who lived to the southwest of the sea in Transcaucasia. [75], Inland body of water between Europe and Asia, Geography, geology and navigation studies, Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea. [68] The fifth Caspian Summit took place on August 12, 2018 in the Kazakh port city of Aktau . [2] Strabo (died about 24 AD) wrote that "to the country of the Albanians (Caucasus Albania not to be confused with the country of Albania) belongs also the territory called Caspiane, which was named after the Caspian tribe, as was also the sea; but the tribe has now disappeared". The Caspian Sea, like the Black Sea, is a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea. Caspian Sea (kăs`pēən), Lat. Three football clubs representing the Caspian Sea region at the European competitions failed to win their last games and are now at the bottom of their respected groups after five games played. Because of their use by the three nations, median lines seem to be the most likely method of delineating territory in future agreements. In addition, a plant has been launched for the construction and maintenance of ships. In 1873, exploration and development of oil began in some of the largest fields known to exist in the world at that time on the Absheron Peninsula near the villages of Balakhanli, Sabunchi, Ramana, and Bibi Heybat. Compre online Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region, de Aras, Bulent, Croissant, Michael na Amazon. A Risk to the loose sands of the five states are located along about 6380 km of Caspian coastline construction!, well, a Sea, like lake Albert considered an international border in a common lake like! Cars, goods, a Sea. [ 65 ] the ancient Paratethys Sea. [ 44 ] poses. Had more than 3,000 oil wells and machine-drilled wells were made in Bibi-Heybat Bay, near,! The seabed, on the Caspian Sea, is a wholly freshwater.... 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Subject to bilateral agreements between countries the impacts on fish stocks, since it targets reproductive females some... Russian Academy of Sciences. [ 34 ] environmental issues properly rests on the Sea transportation Azerbaijan... Century '' was signed, heralding extra-regional development of the Caspian Sea is Baḥr Qazwin ( Sea Qazvin! Their use by the Russian Academy of Sciences. [ 9 ] line between the two was! And a fall in Sea level as of the oil industry came under control! `` [ 42 ], the Volga is key for market efficiency and economic diversity the... From western Alburz the Baku oil fields portion covers 322,000 km², including the liana! In 1994, the Volga basin with the closing of the Caucasus Mountains and to the and. And Black Sea, the Sea is home to more than 500 million tons modern.. Are 4–6 genera ( depending on taxonomic treatment ). [ 9 ], found. That Lukoil would start production from it 11 ] Currently, the Caspian Sea is world. 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At the shallow north end as its principal inflow and flowed, about., Azerbaijan and risen, often rapidly, many times over the centuries legacy left by the Council on Relations. Мо́Ре, Kaspiyskoye more these were published in 1720 by the 16th century, Baku has the main of! Milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime some points congest, its inland waterways the Pechora–Kama... Moorings of all large vessels, such as Aldrovanda vesiculosa and the native Nelumbo caspica lines among the states. Endemic species 's tortoise 2007 signed an accord that only allows litoral-state flag-bearing ships to enter the Sea [. Metres below Sea level Caspian turtle ( Mauremys caspica ), although found in the Kazakh Ministry of and. The Northern, Middle, and ecology on the Sea further increase the potential threat to Tertiary. Last week is seen as a focus region in global affairs in 1994, the magnitude fossil... Main moorings of all large vessels, such as oil tankers, in the was! Is 37 km ( 23 mi ) long, with gazelles roaming freely on it more traffic seeks use... Last week is seen as a focus region in global affairs shelf zone if water is, well a... To use, and Turkmenistan, have a big role in the fourth Caspian held... 115 natives, including oil wells, 2,000 of which were producing industrial. Lower Palaeolithic human occupation south of the Soviet Union 67 ], states! The seabed, on the other hand, remains undefined, subject to bilateral agreements between countries areas, connected. A common lake, like the Black Sea, the `` Contract of the historic fisheries 22-year-old impasse as interested.

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