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The IRCC delegates who inspected Keijo camp in December 1942, allegedly told Mr R. P. Phillips, an Australian Red Cross Representative held there, that it was the "best" Japanese camp he had yet seen. Knowing the information would be of historical interest, the Descendants Group of ADBC stepped in and assembled 20 volunteers to extract information from those cards. Left Manila the Philippine capital on 23/7/43 taking 501 US prisoners to Japan and was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine USS Picuda (SS-382) in the Taiwan straits. Similar to the hellish conditions on the Bataan Death March, prisoners were often crammed into cargo holds with little air, food or water for journeys that could last weeks. In the prison camp and on the way to work, guarding the POWs was the responsibility of the Japanese Army soldiers and camp staff. Carried 74 officers and government officials of the Dutch East Indies from Singapore to Formosa departing January 10th & taking 26 days in 1943. Thus, in addition to the seven main camps, there were 81 branch camps and three detached camps at the end of the war. As a result, neither American POWs in Japan nor the Japanese … Maebashi Maru (AKA Maybashi/Maebassi maru), Mati Mati Maru (AKA Matti Matti Maru, Canadian Inventor). The survivors were put aboard the Brazil Maru which arrived in Moji Japan, on January 29, 1945. Bare bulbs were used for the lights, and heat came from firepots or stoves made from shipping drums. Toward the end of the war, the IJA moved many of the camps in the industrial areas inland or to areas closer to the Sea of Japan because of air raids by the U.S. Air Force and in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. The railway was started from both ends at more or less the same time with Australian POWs and Dutch internees being shipped to Burma also. In the early hours of the 16th September, she hit a mine north of Labuan, listed quickly to port and sank. About 500 civilians, the great majority of Americans, were interned by the Japanese at Camp John Hay. Wada was found guilty of causing the deaths of numerous American and Allied prisoners of war by neglecting to transmit to his superiors requests for adequate quarters, food, drinking water, and medical attention. Search the databases using name of unit, name of camp, name of force (such as A Force, Ramsay Force) or name of country (remember that some countries now have a different name – Taiwan was still called Formosa during the war). A survey of the track had shown that it's poor construction ‘would not support commercial traffic’. Some of these contain sections on the experiences of those members of the unit who were taken prisoner-of-war, often with lists of names. This was a civilian only internment camp, taken over by the Japanese in 1942. After surrendering to Imperial Japanese Army forces in a revenge act for the sinking of a Japanese minesweeper they rounded up 300 Dutch and Australian POWs at random and executed them at Laha airfield in the Dutch East Indies (Now Timor). Along with the rest of the 24th Group, he ended up at Bataan, where he flew the last combat mission on April 8, 1942. Allied POW camps and ship-transports were sometimes accidental targets of Allied attacks. They began preparing assembly areas for the POWs as soon as the Japanese surrender documents were signed on September 1, 1945. Initially, there were Japanese language lessons for officers, at first compulsory, then voluntary. A Japanese officer ordered the remaining twenty-two nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the surf. Disregard for human life and suffering built this railway, nothing else would have done so. . Japanese prisoner of war index cards can be found in WO 345. The information they provided gave urgency to the question of further exchange agreements, but in spite of unceasing negotiation, this draft was destined to be the last to be repatriated from Japanese custody until the liberation of the Philippines in February 1945. The detached camp was a branch camp of a smaller size, typically a mine or factory camp. The remaining prisoners were then transported by train to La Union. Four other groups were sent to Fukuoka POW camps 1, 3, 4, and 17. After wandering for three days in the swamp, they contacted a band of Filipino guerrillas. Changi POW camps: TNA index reference & location: WO 367. Jinguashi (Chinkuashih) in modern-day Taiwan –Kinkaseki is the Japanese name for it, ran from 1942-45. Most were moved in groups named 'Forces' named from A to L in order of departure (see Destinations). The POWs used the clothes that they had with them upon their arrival in Japan, and the camps provided work clothes such as tenugui (Japanese cotton towel), jikatabi (traditional work footwear), and gunte (work gloves made of cotton). There are no images. To-151 Kamioka Prison (Gummyoji) Yokohama. English and Japanese Creator: War Office, Adjutant General, Directorate of Prisoners of War, 1940-1945. The following sites are all very highly recommended for further specific research. About 270 died aboard the ship, from suffocation or dehydration or were killed in the attack or from drowning while escaping the sinking ship. *11 westpoint.org website hell ships sailing information. Some camps provided overcoats for the winter and some did not. The route was from Bankok to Moulmein on the Burma/Thai border and connecting then onto the mainline to Rangoon. Kachidoki was torpedoed on 09/12/44 by USS Pampanito, 244 POWs died, the rest were eventually picked up by a Japanese whaling ship and landed ashore mainland Japan. While the attitude of the Japanese authorities regarding prisoners' mail seems to have been one of indifference, their attitude regarding visits to prisoner-of-war and internment camps was much more positive. 60 KM west of Bangkok and on the direct communication line of the Japanese Army. Tarsau (Nam Tok) - 131 KM from Non Pladuk II, 284 KM from Thanbyuzayat. Wales Maru (AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru). a camp might be known both by its main (parent) camp and by that camp's location and also by its subcamp names and its location. 1600+ British POWs arrived here on May 20th 1943 from a 300-mile march from Ban Pong. The paperless archive (has detailed reports of many camps): . F- Thailand 7000 in F Force, left Changi for Thailand between 16-18 April 1943. 2 Working Camp, Singapore, JC /9     Kranji No. The Changi Peninsula had been the British Army's principal base area in Singapore. Around 1500 servicemen & women were captured in South Sumatra and many were taken onto Singapore. Of the 1210 people on board, a total of 339 were lost that night, 308 workers (including POW’s), 26 prostitutes and 5 Japanese soldiers. Changi was liberated by troops of the 5th Indian Division on 5 September 1945 and within a week troops were being repatriated. In late August the Asama Maru reached Lourenço Marques with some 800 civilians from Japan, South-East Asia and the Philippines, and within the following fortnight, the Tatura Maru and the Kamakura Maru arrived with a further 1000-odd from occupied China. Sailed from Ambon to java departing on 31/8/44 and going via Makassar and to Surabaya with 300 pows on board, arriving in Java on 29/9/44. (Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, RG 38) John M. Jacobs had been in Manila when the Japanese captured the Philippines in the early stages of World War II, and now, in 1944, he was a prisoner of war, or POW, in the Bilibid Prison … A Kempeitai Prison rather than a fully fledged POW camp, located in Rabaul town itself. Arrived at Moji in Japan where POWs were sent onto Taisho sub-camp, one of a group of camps around Osaka and Kobe. Sometimes those soldiers in charge of guarding the prisoners around the camp and the work site were dispatched from a nearby regiment or other units. Sailed from Singapore to Taiwan departed 5/6/44 with 800 POWs. Junsaburo Toshino, former Lieutenant and Guard Commandant aboard the hell ship were found guilty of murdering and supervising the murder of at least 16 men and sentenced to death as a Class B war criminal at Yokohama. Sailed from Singapore to Nagasaki (Japan) via Takao (Taiwan) and Manila (Philippines) departed 3/6/44 arrived finally on 21/6/44 with 450 POWs. Two U.S. army nurses were among the internees. It consisted of five large and three small family barracks also called ‘hongs’. The Japanese intensified their pressure with threats of cutting the water supply, halving rations, and threatening to move the Robert Barracks Hospital to the Selerang Barracks Square. In the 1946 war crimes trial, they were reported to have been taken to a nearby cemetery, beheaded, and dumped into a mass grave. 4The Japanese had not ratified the Prisoner of War Convention of the Geneva Accords of 1929. Only 11 men escaped via holes in the perimeter fence, they later testified in war crimes tribunals. Sakamaki became the first Japanese prisoner of war in U.S. captivity during World War II and was stricken from Japanese records and officially ceased to exist. About 40 per cent were missionaries from 22 different denominations, some who had recently fled China and organized a language school in Baguio. POWs died at a rate of up to fifty per day. It was torpedoed and sunk 30 July 1945 by USS Sennet (SS-408) off Hokkaido. No communication with the other prisoners was authorized, and negotiations undertaken with the object of altering this state of things were not successful. 1945(National archives) 2. The case of the Oryoku Maru collectively covers the seven-week voyages and fate of Allied POWs held in the Philippines, who survived the sinking of that ship in Subic Bay in December 1944, and the bombing of a second ship the Enoura Maru, in the harbour of Takao, January 1945, and the Brazil Maru which transported the last surviving Allied POWs to Moji, Japan. 1941 - ca. POWs who were allowed to remain at either of these camps were often from Changi Camp and still fit to work. College Park, Maryland, U.S.A. Records of the Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor, Collection ADBC. The ship left Singapore on the 5th September 1944 en route to Manila via Borneo, arriving in Miri on the 11th picking up supplies and human cargo and leaving again on the 15th. Grashio and his squadron commander, Lieutenant Ed Dyess, eight other Americans, and two Filipinos escaped from a work camp in Davao Region, the Philippines into the jungle on Sunday, April 4, 1943. The surviving POWs then suffered treatment on a par with the worst of all the POW camps. Questionnaires filled in 1947 by ex-prisoners of war and ex-internees. Companies paid the total wages to the accountant officer of the Japanese Army, who gave it to a POW officer, who paid the POWs. 2nd Lieutenant USAF Samuel C. Grashio survived the Bataan Death March and participated in the only successful mass escape from a Japanese prison camp. 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Dominions, 28,500 from Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan. Please bear in mind returning POWs were so traumatised these questionnaires were not completed in many instances. In 1942, Corporal Rodney Breavington and Private Victor Gale from the Australian Imperial Force, Private Harold Waters from the East Surrey Regiment and Private Eric Fletcher from the Royal Army Service Corps were recaptured after a failed escape attempt. Grashio joined the other prisoners of war in the infamous Bataan Death March. On the other hand, some were closed. By the time the war was over, a total of more than 30,000 POWs had died from starvation, diseases, and mistreatment both within and outside of the Japanese Mainland. WO 361/1659 Far East: Manchuria; 2 prisoners of war killed in air raids; diary extract from Major R Peaty, Royal Army Ordnance Corps. Rear Admiral Hatakeyama was found to have ordered the Laha massacres, however, he died before he could be tried. This database contains 46 photographs of World War II Japanese soldiers and Allied Prisoners of War (POWs). Akikase was later torpedoed and sunk on 03/11/44 by the US submarine USS Pintado. (Both Toshino and Wada had supervised the San Fernando murders.) 1941 - ca. At the end of the war, the Japanese Armed Forces destroyed all documents related to the POW Camps. Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means ‘toilet’ -due to the number of POWs suffering dysentery on board. Collection Description: The records are contained in Japanese Registers of Allied Prisoners of War (PoWs) and civilian internees held in camps in Singapore, Second World War.This series comprises three registers which record the names of over 13,000 allied Prisoners of War … The Allies were never able to find any trace of the former prison … Of 549 men alive when the ship docked, only 372 survived the war. Besides returning with Japanese officials and other civilians, these ships carried back mail and relief supplies for Allied nationals held by the Japanese. However, the pay was in the form of account books, not in cash. The number of deaths which occurred when Japanese "hell ships"—unmarked transport ships in which POWs were transported in harsh conditions—were attacked by US and Royal Navy submarines were particularly high. The Yuzan Maru was a US-made freighter. Shuske Wada, whose charges paralleled those of Toshino, was the official interpreter for the guard group. Sailed from Manila to Davao departing on 1/7/42 the journey lasted 8 days and had 200 POWs on board. On September 7, 1944, the hell ship SS Shinyo Maru was attacked by the submarine USS Paddle. A second raid by the R.A.F. Taiwan camp specialist site: very accurate rosters and painstakingly researched data. Which are all released under the terms of Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-s/3.0/. This turned out to be the tipping point as the move would endanger the lives of gravely ill patients and also lead to the spread of diseases. This prison was built for the British by American engineers in the 1930s, using Sing-Sing (New York USA) as a model. 3Martin Tollefson, "Enemy Prisoners of War," Iowa Law Review, XXXII (1946), 51-77. The 212 survivors of the Tamahoko Maru were brought into the harbour at Nagasaki and onto the POW camp, Fukuoka 13. After the fall of Singapore 50,000 British and other Empire troops were gathered there, but very quickly work details gathered several thousand men from Changi and these were sent to various projects on Sumatra, Burma, and Thailand and other Japanese occupied territories. It left Manila on 13 December 1944 and over the next two days was bombed and strafed by American planes. The ship contained many injured service personnel and 64 Australian nurses of the 2/13th Australian General Hospital. There were also many work accidents where POWs were injured. For example, few have information in the POW camps field. Arrived on 18th March with 60 POWs. No water and very little food were provided for the majority of this journey. Carried 1,000 prisoners from Makassar, Celebes to Nagasaki, Japan beginning October 10th, 1942 and arriving 13 days later. At mid-morning, the ship’s officer returned with about twenty Japanese soldiers. There are also several records of the civilian internees kept at the Changi Museum's website. We add around 200,000 new records each month. On April 23, 1942, the five hundred American and Western internees were moved to Camp Holmes from Camp John  Hay, a former base of the Philippine constabulary, five miles away. Kachidoki Maru  (AKA Kakko maru/President Harrison). In 2005, the American Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor (ADBC), a World War II veterans group, was considering destroying group registration cards they had gathered over the years. *The so-called 'INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY', was an armed force formed to secure Indian independence with Japanese assistance and was largely, at this time, composed of ex Indian (British) army soldiers captured with the other commonwealth troops. Facing brutal conditions including disease, torture, and malnourishment, the prisoners feared they would all be executed as US forces retook many islands as Japanese conquests were slowly rolled back. 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